Class : Carbonates, nitrates, borates
    Subclass : Anhydrous carbonates
    Crystal system : Trigonal
    Chemistry : MnCO₃
    Rarity : Common

Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate belonging to the group of calcite. It forms a complete series with siderite due to the substitution of Mn by Fe²⁺, as well as a partial series with calcite (partial substitution of Mn by Ca). Its name comes from the Greek rhodon (pink) and chroma (color). It is generally found as matrix of hydrothermal veins of low and medium temperature (Peru, Mexico, USA, Argentina, etc.) but also in masses in some sedimentary formations, and finally it may be the product of late reworking in large deposits of manganese (Gabon). It generally crystallizes in transparent to translucent rhombohedra (photo on the left), more rarely in scalenohedra, but it can also constitute important botryoidal or stalactiform clusters. Mostly pink, it can also sometimes wear a magnificent bright red ; however under surface conditions the rhodochrosite is unstable and rapidly overlaps with a brown to black pyrolusite coating. It is a mineral that is appreciated in jewelery for its color, it also uses as an ornamental stone, the large masses extracted in Argentina allowed to carve trinkets and objects for decoration, on the other hand it is a secondary manganese ore.

In France, rhodochrosite is reported in many localities, especially in the "manganese belt" in the Pyrenees : Vieille-Aure, Nabias, Louron (Hautes-Pyrénées), Las Cabesses, Saint Girons Bagnères de Luchon (Haute-Garonne). Other occurrences exist in Brittany (near Guingamp), Haute-Saône (Faucogney-Saphoz), Hérault (Mas d'Alary), Rivet quarry (near Réalmont, Tarn) ; however the crystals are sytematically small and very light in color.

The rhodochrosite has the same twinning plane as the calcite on {0112}, but twinned crystals are rare. It is observed on some crystals coming from Mont St-Hilaire in Quebec, but these crystals are zoned by presenting successive layers alternating siderite-rhodochrosite in composition.

No fake known for this mineral.