TENNANTITE

    Class : Sulfides and sulfosalts
    Subclass : Sulfides
    Crystal system : Cubic
    Chemistry : Cu12As4S13
    Rarity : Fairly common


Tennantite belongs, with tetrahedrite and freibergite, to the group of gray coppers: it constitutes the arsenic pole of the continuous solid solution that it forms with tetrahedrite. It has two main varieties : annivite, rich in bismuth and binnite, rich in silver and zinc. It is a hydrothermal mineral particularly abundant in copper deposits rich in arsenic, such as the acid epithermal veins of recent mountain ranges, and porphyry deposits. Its silver contents are lower and rarer than tetrahedrite. It was named in honor of the English chemist Smithson Tennant who discovered osmium and iridium. Tennantite is much less common than tetrahedrite and also less well crystallized. It is most often found in steel gray to black masses, with a strong metallic luster. Its crystals are generally tetrahedral, sometimes cubic, or can have an almost spherical habitus, very rich in faces (binnite facies). It is an important copper ore in certain deposits.

Main photo : Tennantite and pyrite from Tsumeb, Namibia © Neal Luppescu

Tennantite from Lengenbach, Binn, Valais, Switzerland © Gianfranco Ciccolini
Tennantite from Les Ferreres Mine, Spain © Francisco Antonio Garcia Alacid
Twinned tennantite altered in malachite from Tsumeb, Namibia © Neal Luppescu
Tennantite from Neuenberg, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, Haut-Rhin, France © Paul de Bondt

Tennantite in the World

The largest known crystals, azurite and malachite altered tetrahedra, reach 15 cm, and were found in Tsumeb (Namibia). Very good samples have also been extracted in many localities, notably in the 70s in Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas (Mexico), in Butte (Montana) and in Camborne (England). Binnite forms usually smaller crystals (18 mm in Binn, Switzerland).

Tellurite in France

In France, tennantite is described on very many deposits, the most beautiful crystals come from Ste-Marie-aux-Mines (Haut-Rhin), they are centimetric tetrahedra. It is also found among others at Kaymar (Aveyron), at Chessy and Longefay (Rhône) and at Cap Garonne (Var).

Twinning

Twinning on {111} are known.

Fakes and treatments

No fakes listed for this mineral species.



Hardness : 3 to 4.5
Density : 4.6 to 5.2
Fracture : Sub-conchoidal
Streak : Red to black


TP : Opaque
RI : -
Birefringence : 0
Optical character : Aucun
Pleochroism : None
Fluorescence : None


Solubility : Nitric acid

Magnetism : NoneRadioactivity : None